WORK IN PROGRESS - DATA DUMP ..... THEORY : JFK ASSASSINATION

 WORK IN PROGRESS - DATA DUMP

THEORY : JFK ASSASSINATION

President John Kennedy was killed because he cancelled the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) program, used the money as a slush fund to insure his reelection, and was poised to go after the managers of the ANP program on trumped up fraud charges. This program was developing the pet projects of three of the biggest names in the USAF and aviation industry, respectively General Curtis Lemay, Richard Bissell, and Kelly Johnson. The stated goal of the ANP program was to develop reconnaissance and strategic aircraft (GAO 13). The ANP program was developing nuclear engines for the B-52, the B-70 bombers and the SR-71 Blackbird. So, the plot was really about American oligarchic intrigues. It was about the money and staying out of jail. It was not about Kennedy wanting to end the Cold War or pull out of Vietnam. His cancellation of the ANP program bankrupted North American Aviation and Lockheed. Lockheed had to be bailed out in 1971. To add insult to injury Kennedy was poised to prosecute Lockheed for “mismanagement” i.e. fraud [1]. The plot was self defense to stay out of jail on trumped up charges. I think that Kennedy was going claim that moves made by the ANP managers to cloak the program and keep it secret like building unused factories were fraud.

This theory also explains the heavy Air Force presence in JFK assassination lore. Oswald is connected to the CIA/Lockheed U2 program. Thane Eugene Cesar , RFK's alleged true killer was a Lockheed security guard (Spargo, 2019). USAF/CIA General Edward Lansdale has long been accused of being the architect of the plot. It explains the reason why the TFX program was so controversial. USAF General Curtis Lemay was reportedly at the autopsy. Richard Bissell was fired in the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs fiasco. He supervised the development of the U2 and the overflight program. USAF/CIA Col. L. Fletcher Prouty worked with Lansdale. He shared an office with Lansdale in the Pentagon. 

The history of the capitalism is a history of economic disruptions, of technological developments displacing and destroying traditional industries. For example, the power loom destroyed traditional textile manufacturing, destroying the weaving profession. The steam hammer revolutionizes the manufacturing of steel instruments. It destroys the profession of blacksmithing. In the late 1950’s nuclear energy was an industry positioning itself to revolutionize how Americans powered their homes and the fuels they used to move. Nuclear energy was positioned to revolutionize the aerospace industry. The JFK assassination is about preventing an economic disruption from happening. 

Acting in the interests of Southern oil tycoons represented by LBJ , and the Rockefeller’s , JFK blocked a nuclear revolution from happening. The Rockefellers had their plants in the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), one of them was Joseph Campbell. He served on the AEC in the early 1950’s and was married to Standard Oil fortune heiress Dorothy Stokes Bostwick, granddaughter of Jabez A. Bostwick a founding partner of Standard Oil. Campbell later goes onto to be the 4th Comptroller General of the United States. He writes the February 1963 GAO Report that lies about the status of the ANP program. The plane worked. Campbell told Congress that it did not work. The report was being forwarded to Congress for further investigation. They were ready to go after the contractors for fraud. 

They were playing hardball with the companies who stood poised to disrupt the energy industry. The Rockefellers et al oil companies wanted to cancel the nuclear powered plane. Because it threatened their profits. They made a fortune selling JP-5 to the military. A nuclear-powered plane does not need JP-5. So, they stood lose billions of dollars. They stood to lose even more when civilian airliners became nuclear powered. So, Kennedy was killed because he prevented the disrupters from making a fortune displacing oil as a fuel for planes, bankrupting Lockheed and North American Aviation and more importantly to prevent his justice department from prosecuting the ANP contractors for fraud. So, the Rockefeller interests put the kibosh on nuclear energy to save their oil assets from becoming worthless by killing the nuclear aircraft program. The ANP faction fights back by killing JFK preventing him from putting them in jail on trumped up charges. Because the nuclear plane really worked, in fact it was flying over the USSR in the form of the U2 and Canberra RB-57.

The USAF had been pursuing a nuclear-powered bomber since 1946 under a program titled Nuclear Energy for the Propulsion of Aircraft or (NEPA) project. Five years later in May 1951 the program changed its name to Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP). USAF General Curtis Lemay was an adamant supporter of the nuclear plane. He put the nuclear plane above the development of the ICBM.

Dallas and Los Angeles were development hubs for the ANP/NEPA programs. The Kennedy brothers were killed in cities that played a central role in the development of the nuclear-powered plane. In 2019 RFK Jr. claimed that his father was killed by Lockheed security guard Thane Eugene Cesar.

SR71 Development According to Ben Rich

Ben Rich’s account of the development of the Blackbird does not speak kindly of JFK or his Defense Secretary McNamara. He refers to McNamara pejoratively as “Mac the Knife.” This is from a song made famous by Louis Armstrong presumably about an Irish knife wielding gangster. “Mac the Knife” murders a man, after that man takes all of his money out of the bank. Mac then spends all of that money like a [drunken] sailor. Kelly Johnson’s first impression of McNamara was that he was “haughty and cold (Rich & Janos 227).” Johnson believed that McNamara was out to kill any program that began under Eisenhower. This was the acrimonious beginning of Kelly Johnson’s relationship with the Kennedy administration.  

According to Ben Rich the day after the November 1960 presidential election Kelly Johnson returns to his office from a three-day vacation to find a wire/telegram from Richard Bissell inquiring how much it would cost to cancel the Blackbird program (Rich & Janos 215). The Blackbird was a completely black program. It was being developed “in the black” complete secrecy only the President and a handful of people in Congress and the Pentagon knew about the program. Due to the secrecy of the program Kelly Johnson was not allowed to lobby Congress on behalf of Lockheed for funding. The life or death of the program was solely in the hands of President Kennedy. So, the bad blood between Kennedy and the CIA/MIC began the day after he became president elect.

Rich also claims that there was a schism between Kelly Johnson and Curtis Lemay. In 1947 Major General Curtis Lemay was Deputy Chief of Air Staff for Research and Development and the director of the NEPA project (Graham, 1947). Lemay blamed Johnson for cuts to the B-70 bomber program. Kennedy cancelled the program in 1961. Lemay and Johnson make up after Kelly promises not to lobby against the B-70 bomber.  Kelly Johnson makes an oblique reference to this squabble in his memoirs (Johnson & Smith, 136) This supposed fight between Kelly Johnson is curious. Because Ben Rich’s book was published in 1994. Sixteen years later WIRED magazine would publish an article entitled, “Meet the XB-70 Valkyrie, Almost the World's First Nuclear Aircraft.” The B-70 was part of the ANP program. Rich also more curiously claims that Curtis Lemay did not know about the Blackbird program. This contradicts Kelly Johnson’s account and it is hard to believe because Lemay headed the NEPA program in 1947 (Graham, 1947). He would have been one of the few people with a clearance that Kelly could talk about the program with. They likely had known each other for decades. He says that he “made a series of proposals for a Mach 3-plus reconnaissance aircraft to Richard Bissell of the CIA and the USAF (Johnson & Smith, 135).” Lemay would have been there when Johnson made the sales pitch. We also know that Lemay was intimately involved with the ANP program. He made it a higher priority than nuclear missiles. We also know that Kelly Johnson was working on the nuclear-powered plane. He was part of the NEPA/ANP program. At the end of his book, Kelly takes credit for ending the NEPA program (Johnson & Smith 195). 

Rich & Janos pages 228-229 make me think this part of the book is pure fabrication. They claim that that the B-70 flew at Mach 2. When Herbert York writing 24 years prior to this claimed that the B-70 flew at Mach 3. Therefore, the B-70 flew at the roughly the same speed as the SR-71 of 3.3. Rich also claimed that SR-71 flew at nearly twice the speed of the B-70. This can be read to mean that the SR-71 flew in the low hypersonic range Mach 5 to Mach 7. 

Kennedy made Ben Rich and Kelly Johnson think that he wanted to expand the Blackbird program to include the roles of spy plane, interceptor and bomber. It was thought that the Blackbird was so advanced that it would dominate air warfare for at least a decade (Rich & Janos, 233). Johnson got approval for an expansion of the Blackbird program. They needed 22 million dollars to build more factory space. So they could meet the proposed expansion of the program. Then a month goes by and Johnson cannot get his phone call returned from Washington. The Kennedy administration starts ducking him. The Blackbird then loses out to the inferior TFX program (Rich & Janos, 134-135). So Kennedy led the Lockheed team on to believe he was going to expand the program only to shine them on later.  

L. Fletcher Prouty

USAF Colonel L. Fletcher Prouty is one of the more interesting characters of the JFK assassination research community. Prouty was the basis of the Mr. X character played by Donald Sutherland in auteur filmmaker Oliver Stone’s movie JFK (1991). He claimed to know what happened. He knew who killed Kennedy. But he never told all even on his deathbed. Prouty asserts that two programs that Kennedy inherited from Eisenhower were the cause of his death. They were the Bay of Pigs and Vietnam (Prouty 104). 

He claims that the TFX project cost $6.5 billion (Prouty 146). This is close to $8 billion estimated cost of Project Pluto (Dewar 65). So, it looks like McNamara found a way to save 1.5 billion dollars.  

Prouty’s narrative is heavy on the why. It is very light on specifically who committed the crime. He never talks about who specifically had beef with Kennedy. He only talks about a nebulous “high cabal.” Where was the acrimony in the administration? Who specifically hated Kennedy in the CIA/MIC?

Prouty mentions Curtis Lemay and Kelly Johnson in his JFK tome, but he makes no mention their attitudes toward JFK. He makes no mention of the fact JFK killed their pet projects. In 1947 Major General Curtis Lemay was the director of the NEPA project (Graham, 1947). The program changed its name in 1951 to ANP.  Prouty has them giving their approval of the TFX. He claims that the fate of the TFX project was in the hands of Kelly Johnson (Prouty 146). He also claims that McNamara did not know of an expert who could vouch for the General Dynamics TFX proposal. So, he asked an unnamed friend to suggest an expert. The unnamed friend suggested McNamara use Kelly Johnson. According to Ben Rich’s account Kelly Johnson did not like McNamara. Because he wanted to kill the Blackbird program. It is hard to believe that Johnson and McNamara had not met prior to this phone call.

Prouty talks about why McNamara chose the Convair TFX proposal. He says that Roger Lewis chairman of the board and president of Convair and Kelly Johnson were good friends. He makes seem like Johnson was doing Lewis a favor by claiming the design was suitable. Prouty leaves out the fact that Convair was a major ANP contractor working on the NX-2 and had lost out big time when Kennedy ended the program. He leaves out the fact that Convair and Lockheed had a special relationship. We know this from a declassified memo. The TFX /F-111 was a plane that was forced on the USAF. They wanted the nuclear plane. 

The GAO Report claims that the ANP contractors were competitors. I think this is a lie. I think the ANP or at least the Blackbird was being developed in a consortium effort similar to Airbus in Europe. It was a multiple company effort. Some of Kelly Johnson's designs have CL on them. I think this stood for Convair Lockheed. 

Was Prouty working a PSYOP to make the Soviets/Russians think that CIA was a rogue actor outside of the control of the POTUS? Thereby absolving the POTUS from responsibility when a covert operation is uncovered. 

Prouty claims that the U-2 used hydrogen as a supplemental fuel to help it fly at high altitude (Prouty n206). He said that hydrogen tank was the size of a fire extinguisher.  I think this claim was a clever ploy by Prouty to draw attention to the U-2's engine. The U-2A was a nuclear powered plane. 

Prouty claims that JFK awarded the TFX contracts in a manner as to influence the 1964 election in his favor (Prouty 144). 

"In testimony before Congress, McNamara came back again and served notice on the generals and admirals, saying that the TFX decision process was a sample of a new policy. He said that the day had passed when the services would be allowed to develop their own weapons systems (Prouty 147).

Herbert York

Herbert York’s account of “the elusive nuclear airplane,” begins with a blanket denial that the B-70 Bomber was a nuclear-powered plane. We know 55 years later that York lied. The B-70 Bomber was the nuclear-powered airplane. He opens his book talking about “Eisenhower’s other warning.” The other warning was about “the scientific-technological elite.”

Eisenhower : “Yet in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite.”

I think this part of Eisenhower’s farewell speech was an oblique reference to General Curtis Lemay who had been Deputy Chief of Air Staff for Research and Development and the director of the NEPA project, Dr. Richard Bissell who managed the CIA overflight program and Kelly Johnson Vice President for Advanced Development Projects (Johnson 157). The ANP program had Advanced Development Objectives (ADO) (GAO 174). Johnson was the likely the Lockheed engineer who worked on the ANP ADO's. The fight was about “military versus civilian control of defense planning (York 58).” This is the problem that Kennedy inherited from Eisenhower.

“Although Nixon did carry California in 1960, Kennedy won nationally, and the B-70’s new lease on life ran out almost immediately (York, 57).” Ben Rich says the same thing about the Blackbird. It was cancelled the day after the 1960 election. This quote from York gives the impression that if Nixon had won, he would have approved the B-70 program and build the 250 planes that General Lemay wanted.

Kennedy governed like an autocrat for the benefit of the oligarchs. He began the tax cuts for the benefit of the wealthy. He said, “a rising tide lifts all boats.” Kennedy began the trickle-down economic policies most people associate with Ronald Reagan. His administration is often referred to as the “Camelot era.” That made Kennedy king Arthur. He certainly was not thinking about the impact his cuts were going to have on men and women working in the defense industry.

Herbert York knew Eisenhower and visited him on numerous occasions at his Palm Desert, California winter home. York asked Eisenhower “to explain more fully what he meant by the warnings.” Eisenhower refused to elaborate, saying that he did not mean anything more detailed than what he said at the time (York 11). So, this invalidates attempts to add other institutions to the MIC. There is no MIC + X. There is no MICIMATT.

Kelly Johnson was an officer in the Air Force. It is not mentioned in his biography when he retired. It was not uncommon mid 20th century for members of the military to have second jobs in industry while serving in the armed forces. Johnson even wrote a textbook for the Air Force on the subject of analog computers. 

The B-70 bomber was a massive program. Curtis Lemay planned to build 250 B-70 bombers. That gets whittled down to 4 bombers. The bombers might have used in a two stage to orbit black space program. It was the carrier plane for the Dynasoar. 06 March 2006 Aviation Week and Space Technology front cover had an artist conception of the BLACKSTAR program. There had been sightings of a B-70 bomber in the 1990's. 

“Before the first full year under contract was over, there were more than forty first- and second tier subcontractors, and suppliers were by then involved in the total program. Seventy of the then ninety-six United States Senators had a major part of the program in their states, and something like a majority of the Congressional districts had at least on supplier of consequence (York, 53).”

The Kennedy administration cancelled the ANP program. This program was developing the Blackbird and the B-70 bomber. Kennedy replaced this program with the ICBM and TFX program. The USAF brass hated the ICBM. They did not want to be silo sitters. They hated the TFX and thought the TFX was pushed on them by Kennedy. The cancellation of the ANP program was a huge win for the petroligarchs. Because it replaced the ANP program with weapons systems that needed petroleum to operate. 

The ANP was developing reconnaissance and strategic planes. In other words they were developing strategic bombers and spy planes. The B-70 strategic bomber was part of the ANP project. The Strategic Reconnaissance -SR 71 was also part of the program. The RB-57F Canberra was the first operational strategic bomber and reconnaissance plane to come out of the ANP program. The U-2 was the second operational plane to be produced in substantial numbers. It must be noted that in the late 1940's and early 50's that bomber planes were used for  reconnaissance.

York took part in a documentary that on the nuclear plane that aired on the Discovery Channel in the 1990's. It used an interesting infographic designed to make people think the nuclear jet engine did not work. The audience was told that this was the direct cycle engine. It has the air going through the back of the reactor then out of the front end then back to the rear of the jet engine. 

This is how the direct cycle engine was depicted in the GAO report for Congress. If the nuclear jet engine truly did not work. There would be no need for a disinformation propaganda campaign. 

This type of dual turbojet single reactor engines were ideal for turning the B-52 into a nuclear powered bomber. The cockpit would have needed a shielding upgrade like the NB-36 had to shield the crew from radiation. But it would have worked. One can imagine what the triad of the nuclear powered B-52, B-70 and A-12 Blackbird would have had in an attack on the Soviet Union or more urgently over the skies of Vietnam. 

 "As I recall his [Lemay] personal view of the priorities , he placed the B-52H first (it was then called B-52 squared and the B-70 second (it was then called the WS-110). The nuclear airplane was somewhere in the middle of his short list, and long range missiles were at the bottom. He and other  leading Air Force generals managed to make it clear to the contractor that they personally considered the B-70 to be at least as important as the ICBMs, whatever the official priorities might be, and they ordered the first flight by the end of 1961 (York 51)."  

Now that we know that the B-70 was the nuclear powered bomber. We know that B-70 was the highest priority for Lemay. It was a higher priority than the ICBM. The problem is that Kennedy ran on the premise of the missile gap. He intended to build more missiles. Kennedy's political priorities conflicted with the Air Force's priorities and the more generally the military. 

In 1955 the Air Force issued  GOR 81 with the intention of having operational units nuclear powered bombers by 1963. This was just in time for the ramp up of the Vietnam War. They intended to fight the Vietnam War with nuclear powered bombers. This would have radically changed how the war was conducted. It might not have changed the outcome. But it would have been radically different. When Kennedy killed the ANP program to the benefit of the Rockefeller petrol-oligarchs, he killed the Pentagon's plans for the Vietnam War. Kennedy also had put the contractors in bind and they must have resented the fact that they were not going to be allowed to profit from the nuclear jet technology they developed. Because Kennedy kept it secret. 

Congressional Hearings / Fraud Trial

It is worth noting that there was no Congressional investigation into the ANP program. They did not follow up on Comptroller General Joseph Campbell's recommendations. The assassination of Kennedy prevented a Congressional investigation or a trial. With Kennedy alive the ANP contractors would have been behind the eight ball, if there had been a trial or a Congressional investigation. The ANP was a top-secret program. They would not have been allowed to present evidence showing they were falsely accused. Because nuclear jet engines were secret technology. Assuming Kennedy had lived the Congressional hearings or trial would have had to be held in camera. These are private court proceedings. The press and the public wouldn’t have been allowed to witness the proceedings when the defendants voiced their defense. These would have been star chamber proceedings. Worse still they could have been made to look like fools in the proceedings that were public. 

The President also has a great amount of influence over the media through his intelligence agencies. He has plants in all the major media outlets. He could have used that power to shape public opinion against the ANP contractors. While at the same time preventing them from voicing their defense. Killing Kennedy prevented this from happening. It also forced LBJ to cover up the crime. A public trial of the assassins/conspirators might have led to the public disclosure of the fact that the nuclear-powered plane worked. This is the fact that petrol-oligarchs were suppressing. There would have been global public scrutiny if there had been a trial of the conspirators. Whereas if Kennedy had lived Congressional hearings into "mismanagement" or a fraud trial would have been a relatively low-key affair compared to a trial of the assassination conspirators. The press would have wanted to know what the motive was behind the assassination. The President LBJ's ability to control the media would have been broken by the intense and immense global media focus on the trial. 

The assassination put LBJ on the horns of a dilemma. If he prosecuted the conspirators, the nuclear secrets that were being kept under wraps could get out. He had to choose between keeping the success of the nuclear plane secret and keeping the market for aviation fuel in the hands of the oil industry, or prosecuting the assassination conspirators. Given the praetorian dimension of the assassination, Kennedy was murdered by elements of his own military, LBJ could not be certain of his own security. The assassination also put the petroligachs on notice. If the their ANP rivals can kill the President, they could kill them as well. So, LBJ compromised with the ANP conspirators. He declassified the existence of the Blackbird. While keeping its nuclear propulsion system secret. This allowed Lockheed to lobby Congress for funds. 

Eisenhower

Eisenhower was one of the more corrupt presidents we have ever had. He was deep in the pockets of the Rockefellers and petroligarchs. He took bribes from them. They paid for substantial renovations to his farm (Pearson & Anderson, 438-439). He took bribes to the tune of more than $500,000 around the time he decided in March of 1958 that "there was no urgency in the nuclear aircraft propulsion program, rejecting an accelerated program and he authorized continued low budget development program." 

Eisenhower dragged his feet on approving the ANP projects. He also was most likely the reason why Air Force was made to pivot the development of their overflight plane from the Canberra to the U-2. He did not declassify the success of NEPA and ANP. Instead he stood in the way of progress to the benefit of the Rockefellers. 

The consequences on the conduct of the Vietnam War

The nuclear plane would have changed the conduct of the Vietnam War. Think of Operation Linebacker the US lost 15 B-52 bombers. The B-70 or stealth B-71 would have been able to outrun the SA-2 missiles. The Soviet advisors manning the SA-2 missile radars would not have been able to track the B-71. The B-70 would have been able to outrun the SAMs. The nuclear plane would have changed the game substantially. 

Interdicting communications on Route 559, the Ho Chi Minh Trail

The place where the nuclear plane would have had the most substantial impact would have been interdicting communications along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. If the National Liberation Front could not be resupplied or if their logistics had been critically cutback. They might have lost the war. Nuclear powered planes would have been able to stand on station above the trail like today's drones only much longer. They could spend weeks in the air. The crews only would have been limited by the amount of food they kept onboard. Nuclear powered planes can stand on station longer and get to the target faster than chemically powered planes. This would have been especially true with the Mach 3 B-70. They also would have delivered 30 to 35 tons of bombs on target not a couple of Hellfire missiles. 

Kennedy and his arrogant "whiz kids," the DOGE team of their day, doing the bidding of the Petroligarchs, thought they knew better. They knew better than the brass who had been probably studying the Vietnam problem longer than they had. (Assuming the Pentagon had gamed out the Vietnam War in a red versus blue table top exercise in the 1950's). Nuclear powered planes would have been able to put craters in the road. Then stand on station for weeks to bomb the repair crews. When they came out to fix the road. Petroleum powered planes cannot stand on station long enough to do that. 

The nuclear powered plane also would have changed the way that troops on the ground were given air support. The planes would have been able to get their quicker and stand on station longer during ground operations. It would have been a revolution in military affairs. 

INTERDICTION TACTICS USED AGAINST THE HO CHI MINH TRAIL

"Kistiakowsky, Wiesner, Kaysen, Zacharias, and their colleagues described an “air supported barrier” against infiltration by truck or on foot through the demilitarized zone or along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in southern Laos. They called for placing acoustic sensors, modified versions of a type used in antisubmarine warfare, at carefully plotted locations where the devices would listen for targets that air power could attack. Aircraft would scatter thousands of aspirin-sized “gravel” mines along infiltration routes believed used by troops or trucks; these munitions did not inflict casualties, but when detonated by tires or boots they emitted a noise that the sensors would broadcast to relay aircraft overhead for retransmission to a control center. Since the center had charted the precise location of the sensors, analysts there could determine just where the movement had occurred and dispatch aircraft to attack."

The question has to be asked. Did Kennedy's cancellation of the ANP program lose the Vietnam War for the United States? 

To be fair Eisenhower's corruption also played a part in delaying the development of the ANP. I conjecture that America's loss in Vietnam was the product of not having the right tool to win the war. That tool was the nuclear powered plane. The US did not put the right tool the nuclear powered plane in the hands of the warfighter.  The US capitalist system is too corrupt. The petroligachs lost America the war. They did not want to win the war in Vietnam, if it came at the expense of losing the jet fuel market. Capitalist competition is framed as a good thing. That always produces good outcomes. Capitalists are gangsters. They battle each other for markets. The in the 1950's the petroligarchs bought off the politicians and put plants in the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) to repress the nuclear industry killing the very technology they needed to win the Vietnam War.

Works Cited

Bernstein, C. (1977) ‘THE CIA AND THE MEDIA : How America's Most Powerful News Media Worked Hand in Glove with the Central Intelligence Agency and Why the Church Committee Covered It Up’, RollingStone , 20 October 1977. 

Rich, B.R. and Janos, L. (1994) Skunk works: A personal memoir of my years at Lockheed. New York, N.Y: Back Bay Books/Little, Brown and Company.

Prouty, L. Fletcher. (2003) JFK: The CIA, Vietnam, and the plot to assassinate John F. Kennedy. New York: Citadel Press/Kensington Pub. Corp.

Pearson, D. and Anderson, J. (1968) The case against congress: A compelling indictment of corruption on Capital Hill. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster . 

Grabianowski, E. (2010) Meet the XB-70 Valkyrie, almost the world’s first nuclear aircraft, Wired. Available at: https://www.wired.com/2010/12/meet-the-xb-70-valkyrie-almost-the-worlds-1st-nuclear-aircraft/ (Accessed: 15 June 2025).

Graham, F. (1947) ‘U.S. at Work on Project to Apply Atomic Power to Planes, Missiles’, The New York Times, 23 February, page 43. 

Johnson, C.L. and Smith, M. (1985) Kelly: More than my share of it all. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Saunders, F.S. (2000) Who paid the piper?: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War. London, United Kingdom: Granta. 

Spargo, C. (2019) Robert F Kennedy was assassinated by Thane Eugene Cesar, declares RFK Jr, who says it was the security guard who fatally shot his father from behind after planning the murder with Sirhan Sirhan, Daily Mail Online. Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7456521/Robert-F-Kennedy-assassinated-Thane-Eugene-Cesar-Sirhan-Sirhan-says-RFK-Jr.html (Accessed: 12 June 2025).

York, H. (1970) RACE TO OBLIVION: A PARTICIPANT’S VIEW OF THE ARMS RACE. NEW YORK, NEW YORK: SIMON AND SCHUSTER.

GAO - U.S. Government Report, Review of Manned Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Program, Atomic Energy Commission and the Department of Defense, (U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C., 1963)

 NOTES:

1.   “Although the ANP program has been terminated, we have found deficiencies in administration and have certain observations which we are reporting for the information of the Congress and for consideration by executive agencies so that appropriate steps can be taken to minimize the possibility of similar situations arising in future research and development programs (GAO 3).”